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After finding a picture of this man on the Internet, I carefully looked at his face: long and thin nose, slightly hooked, eyes Not big, but deep, sharp chin, thin lips. There was a slight smile on his face, almost showing kindness. Such people can be seen everywhere on European and American streets. But he is no ordinary person. His name is Adolf Ekman. He was once a high-ranking Nazi official who participated in the massacre of Jews. Based on the trial materials of this man, scholar Hannah Allen wrote a book "Aikman in Jerusalem", but the subtitle of this book is more famous: Report on the Banality of Evil.
"The banality of evil." Through this word, Arendt wanted to express: Ekman—probably also the vast majority of Nazis—is not a demon or a pervert. Judging from the materials he confessed and the diagnosis of the psychologist, this is a commonplace Normal people who pass through can almost be said to be "horribly normal". However, it is such a person who indifferently killed thousands of people in a special era.
"It was pure unthinking that made him one of the biggest criminals at the time." Allen wrote. "Without thinking" means that when the higher-level order is communicated, the lower-level will execute it. If someone is held accountable one day, the subordinates will say: "I am only executing orders."-What a reasonable explanation, it should almost commend his professionalism.
Recently I often think of the term "banality of evil" because of recent events: a blind man, in a village, was locked at home, neither allowed to come out nor others to enter. Whenever people visit, they are violently driven away, so much so that some people claim that the village has become an expedition destination in China.
In this matter, I was most curious about the low-level public servants or hired thugs who took part in guarding the blind and violently expelling visitors. These people guarded a family with no resistance day and night, driving away the "explorers" and beating them. What I am curious about is, what force is supporting these "ordinary people" to stay there so stubbornly? If it is only for money, what convinces them that the pay of the guard is more important than the rights of the blind person? Is there any other way for them to earn living expenses with greater peace of mind?
I believe that they are "ordinary people", just like in the Shanxi Heiyao case, those who pass by the black kiln every day but never expect to report are "ordinary people". In the movie "Blind Mountain", the villagers who united to guard the abducted girls are "ordinary people"; in the case of the three netizens in Fujian, the judges who convicted three netizens for words are "ordinary people"? ? I can imagine that these people love to play mahjong and watch "Han Zhu Ge Ge". If someone asks for directions on the road, they might even give advice enthusiastically.
The western saying goes: "No drop of rain will think that you have caused a flood." When a chain of evil is long enough that you can't see the full picture of the chain, people in every link have reason to feel innocent. Ordinary person A is just a small clerk who does race registration for Jews; B is a police officer who is ordered to drive Jews from home to the quarantine area; C is a flight attendant who catches Jews on a train; D is just a security guard who keeps law and order in a concentration camp; The cleaner responsible for collecting the dead body? ? Why should they be held responsible for the deaths of these people? They are nothing but small screws on a huge machine. But is Hitler alone in charge? For 6 million people, if he kills one a day, he will have to kill for more than 10,000 years.
Zimbardo, a psychologist at Stanford University, once did a famous "Stanford Prison Experiment." Twenty-four students were randomly drawn, half of them were "jailers" and half were "prisoners". As a result, during the week of role-playing, the students who played the jailers became more and more brutal, while those who played the prisoners became more and more cowardly. In just one week, even in an experimental environment, the sense of role can transform human nature. It is really chilling to think about this: In reality, how many people hide in various institutionalized roles for years and years, and their human nature is Which planet was hijacked in the process of the character's continuous internalization?
Using a role to justify evil is that the "I" in that role is no longer me, but just "he": Officer Zhang, Director Liu, Judge Chen? ? It is even better if it is an unknown person standing at the entrance of the village. Because complete anonymity means complete immunity from responsibility, so "I" can be free from evil. The so-called awakening of human nature is to withdraw from the invisible collective and return to an independent, complete individual who is responsible for his actions; it is to climb up a bit from the character’s deep well and see how raindrops converge into a flood.
Today, there are still countless "unthinking" sleepwalkers wandering under the hypnosis of the system. However, how can there be any abstract system? A, B, C, D, E, you are the system, but without this, the system is just a piece of paper that can be broken with one poke. Luanke, a German who has been supporting education in rural China for a long time, said: "Civilization is to stop and think about it." Is it "stop and think about it", or is it embedded in the system machine and continue to "without thinking." As the earth turns, this is a problem for all ordinary people.
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