A movie (or movie series), like a painting, can also have superior or inferior character. The Ghost in the Shell series movies are actually the highest quality of the same type of cyberpunk works. Compared with the MATRIX series with similar styles and high ratings, although the pictures are impeccably refined, the fighting scenes are all dazzling, so The issues discussed are also how people who are bound by modern technological society challenge the sense of powerlessness and suffocation brought about by institutional repression, but MATRIX is still just borrowing the shell of cyberpunk. The story of the book inevitably raises questions about whether Western literary works can jump out of the Judeo-Christian biblical system. Having said that, I have to say that the reflective works of the Ghost in the Shell series can only be produced from a Japanese society with a highly developed capitalist background and a strong oriental philosophy. As an introduction to the discussion of Ghost in the Shell, I will say a few more words about MATRIX, which will not be mentioned below. The problem of salvation discussed in MATRIX and the way to solve it makes Orthodox Christians often have a tendency to belittle it to Gnostic works, that is, human beings cannot be saved through self-reliance. Neo this savior (the One), many commentators believe that he is beyond (or just different from) the image of the Son of Man in the past, that is, he did not explain his relationship with the One in the sky, but emphasized his awakening as an ordinary person. The process, especially in the third part, the scene where he finally had a dialogue with "God" clarified the impermanence and randomness that "God" created to mankind, but did not make any hint that God loves the world. The love for the world rests on Neo. The sacrifice of Neo as a member of human beings in exchange for the continuation of the life of the entire human population is naturally a solution to the problem of salvation, but too many religious symbols (such as Zion Mountain, etc.) and the salvation narrative paradigm eventually make MATRIX The provided values are reduced to a battlefield for arguing about its theological significance. It is also because of this that the character of his works is not as high as that of Ghost in the Shell. The salvation narrative paradigm does not have any originality. Simply put, it is not reflected enough, as if the story line provided by the Bible has not changed much since its inception. But Western mainstream values seem to often forget that apart from them, many corners of the world are also experiencing the process of being looted by highly developed capitalism. The primitive cosmology in these corners is not at all the way of the dualism of mind and body, but it is also resisting the disasters brought about by modern society, such as extreme poverty, relative freedom and absolute lack of freedom. The doubts raised by these corners are closer to the essence of the matter, and the conclusions drawn are more serious. The name of INNOCENCE of Ghost in the Shell 2 has revealed its infinitely close truth core: sin. Once the dualism of mind and body is admitted, the crime is established. The dualism of body and soul has never been doubted by mainstream Western philosophers, from Augustus to Descartes, from Machiavelli to Mandeville, from defining self-needs as original sin to gradually separating original sin into reasonable self-necessities. Western philosophy has been struggling with the discussion of self-needs, which is the "flesh" part, and refuses to admit that the body and soul can be reconciled in the individual. Correspondingly, the noble "spirit" part is the foundation of society, and society is the existence that reconciles and justifies private needs. And the capitalist society that has gradually developed through hardships in this philosophical view has finally won the “economic man” concept of “private evil is the public interest”. In the finale, capitalism has produced an ideology that can rule the world, but its judgment of "physical needs is evil" is always aching at the glorious moment, constantly reminding people that there is always an original sin that cannot be discarded to destroy Temporary stability and tranquility, the cost of thinking is terrible, the balance swings in the initiative of human beings and the will of God, and human society will be repeated in the destruction and reconstruction brought about by this swing. In the cyberspace, the contradiction between the future and the past is everywhere, and this contradiction appears in the form of a unity of opposites. The aesthetic style in Attack 2 is displayed by creating a space that looks a lot like Hong Kong. In terms of time, this story should happen in the distant future. In this time and space, it is a society where weird and jaw-dropping buildings are combined with the old streets and alleys; it is a society where people wear clothes that have incredible functions but look ordinary or even a little retro; it is a society where electronics are installed on their bodies. The product is walking around, I don't know if it should be defined as a "human" society. When electronic products and machinery, which are highly developed symbols of capitalism, penetrate into any corner with its inevitable Western view of original sin, the human beings bound by it never doubted it, but instead It can be used to the extreme, even cutting it into one's own flesh. Just like GHOST IN THE Shell has the same literal meaning. Is it the thought that makes people human, or the body that makes people human? According to Descartes’s “I think, therefore I am” thesis, GHOST is the essence of human beings. As long as this condition is met, no matter what SHELL is (either the flesh or the righteous person), it will not harm the organism to call it human. qualifications. Once you are a human, you have free will and self-needs, and sin will be generated. The discussion that sticks to the question of where the boundary between robots and humans is, will give rise to a series of questions: whether robots, such artificial objects (which may eventually develop robots with their own thoughts), are ethical as commodities. Is it wrong to inject human will into a robot? When a prosthetic person turns more than 50% of his body into a machine, and when the boundary between man and machine is blurred to such an extent, how can a person be qualified to deal with such a problem? Machines also carry original sins, and humans also carry original sins. Therefore, highly developed capitalist social technology is a path of no return. It is either bound by the sin of the flesh, or abandoned by the flesh, and bound by the creation of sin, with no solution. The way, can only degenerate more and more to the hell that can never be restored. The answer given by Attack 2 is: innocence. Because when people accept this body as a carrier for the soul to come and go between two lives, they don't stick to the joy of this shore. The height of Eastern philosophy is that it does not recognize original sin at all. "Life and death come and go, shed puppets, when the line is broken, they will fall apart." The body is a thing that can be discarded at the end of life, and it is a puppet of the soul. The puppet here does not carry any derogatory meaning and does not mean to be manipulated. It just expresses that the puppet's performance is actually only the soul commanding it. The little girl Bart rescued said, "But I don't want to be a puppet!" And Shao Zuo's answer is: If the puppet can talk, maybe he will say "I don't want to be a human either"! This is not to say that puppets have free will, but that man should not add his will to puppets. Although a doll is a man-made object, it does not necessarily have to fulfill the will of man and respect the will of any creation. Just as in Eastern philosophy, although the idea that people are the creation of a certain god or some gods, it does not require people to obey the gods. Therefore, under this philosophical background, there is no original sin theory that violates the "highest" will. In Eastern philosophy, especially Shinto philosophy, it is sinful for toy companies to impose human will on puppets, just as the gods must obey the will of the gods, that is the real sin. Japan is also a small screw involved in the high-speed conveyor belt of capitalism after World War II, and its animistic Shinto tradition may help it earn a piece of the Western Judeo-Christian tradition that is sinful for all mankind. A place to breathe, so that society and people will not lose their way in infinite ethical problems. I think this is not the clear direction of Attack 2, but it is the message it conveys.
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