Background on real events

Hillary 2022-02-04 08:11:52

Operation Weserübung was an attack by Nazi Germany on Norway and Denmark during World War II. Germany attacked Norway and Denmark at 0415 local time on April 9, 1940, allegedly to protect their neutrality from Britain and France. Iron ore was mined in Kiruna and Malmberget and transported by rail to the ports of Narvik and Luleå (frontier in 1920-1940) Since the spring of 1939, the British Admiralty saw Scandinavia as the future A potential theater of war with Germany, the British government was reluctant to go to war on the mainland again, believing that the war would be repeated, so it began to consider the use of blockade tactics to indirectly weaken Germany. German industry was very dependent on iron ore from Sweden, which It is mainly transported through the port of Narvik in Norway and Luleå in Sweden. The port of Narvik will not freeze in winter, so iron ore can be supplied all year round. In October 1939, Admiral Erich Reeder, commander-in-chief of the German Navy, discussed with Hitler the danger of British bases in Norway and the possibility of capturing these bases before Britain. It can also be used as a base for future operations against Britain, but because the Army and Air Force were not interested in it at the time, Hitler only stated that the focus of operations would be concentrated in the Low Countries. At the end of November, a new member of the British War Cabinet, Winston Churchill, proposed to mine the Norwegian waters, which would force the ore carriers to go deeper into the North Sea, where the Royal Navy could intercept them, but this proposal was rejected by the doves Chamberlain and Khalifa. Cox vetoed for fear of a negative reaction from a neutral country such as the United States. In November 1939, the Winter War between the Soviet Union and Finland broke out. Due to changes in the diplomatic environment, Churchill proposed his mine-laying plan again, but it was rejected again. In December, Britain and France began planning to aid Finland. They planned to land troops in Narvik, Norway, and then cross Sweden into Finland, which would also allow the Allies to occupy Sweden's iron ore fields. The support of Lyfax, they hoped to get the cooperation of Norway, so that some legal problems could be solved, but the harsh notice sent to the two countries only returned a negative response, the expedition plan still continued, but due to Finland's peace in March. Reason disappears. [edit] Planning stage On December 14, 1939, after believing that the Allies might threaten the source of iron ore, Hitler ordered the Wehrmacht High Command to draft a plan for the invasion of Norway, which was only expected to involve a division of troops. On January 14-19, the German Navy developed an enhanced version of the draft plan, which they The decision had two key elements, the first was a sneak attack, to reduce Norwegian resistance and British intervention, and the second was to use warships, rather than slower merchant ships, to transport troops, which made it possible to capture all targets at the same time, because the transport ships subject to range restrictions. The new plan will put a corps of troops, including a mountain division, an airborne division, a motorized infantry brigade, and two infantry divisions. The mission objectives of these units are: The Norwegian capital Oslo and surrounding cities This plan also calls for the rapid capture of Denmark and the king of Norway, hoping to force the other to surrender. On 21 February 1940, the command of the operation passed to General Nikolaus von Falkenhorst, who had fought in Finland during World War I and was therefore familiar with polar operations, although he only had command of the ground forces power, although Hitler wanted a unified command. On January 27, 1940, the final plan was named Weserübung, led by the German 21st Army, which included the German 3rd Mountain Division and five other infantry divisions, all of which had never been on the battlefield, The first echelon of this plan consisted of three divisions, and the rest was reserved for the second wave, with three paratrooper companies used to occupy the airfield, and the German 2nd Mountain Division later joined in the operation. The original plan was to invade Norway and to obtain the Danish airfields diplomatically, but Hitler instructed to invade both on March 1, because the Luftwaffe insisted on occupying fighter bases on the grounds of air defense warnings, and was compiled for the purpose of invading Denmark. The 16th Corps, including 2 Infantry Divisions and the 11th Motorized Infantry Brigade, will be supported by the 10th Air Force Corps throughout the operation, consisting of about 1,000 aircraft of various types. [edit] Prelude in February, when the British destroyer HMS Cossack (HMS Cossack violated Norwegian neutrality by boarding the German transport Altmark, which also violated Norwegian neutrality in Norwegian territorial waters, and released about 300 British warships. Hitler saw this as a clear signal that Britain was intending to violate Norwegian neutrality, so he was more determined. determination to invade. On March 12th, when the Winter War was drawing to a close, the British finally decided to send an expeditionary force to Norway. The expeditionary force began to embark on March 13th, but was called back and the operation was cancelled due to the end of the Winter War. Instead, The British cabinet decided to start laying mines in Norwegian waters before landing troops. The first German invading convoys departed on April 3, a British destroyer began laying the first mines in Norwegian waters on April 8, and the German invasion began on April 9. Strategically, Denmark is less important, and apart from being a staging area for fighting against Norway, of course, as a country bordering Germany, it still has to be subject to some control. The country is small and relatively flat, making it an ideal location for the German army to fight. The small Danish army has little chance of successfully resisting, and some Danish troops engaged the Germans in the early morning and lost some men. After 1,000 German troops landed from the Copenhagen port, a detachment of the King's Royal Guard engaged them. Before a few shots were fired, several detachments of He 111 bombers and Do 17 bombers roared through the sky, facing the Luftwaffe. Intimidation to bomb the civilian population of Copenhagen, the elderly king surrendered almost immediately in exchange for autonomy in domestic affairs, resulting in a uniquely mild period of Danish occupation, especially until the summer of 1943, while also delaying the arrest of Danish Jews and deportations to almost all of them to Sweden, of an estimated 8,000 Danish Jews before the war, fewer than 500 were deported and fewer than 50 lost their lives. Although Denmark and the rest of the Scandinavian supremacy had little military power, they were of strategic, economic and ideological importance, as the second German plenipotentiary, Dr. Werner Best, put it: "Denmark's agriculture provides considerable economic assistance and is an important interface with Sweden". Norway was important to Germany for two main reasons: as a base for naval units to harass Allied North Atlantic shipping, Norway's long northern coastline was an excellent location for U-boats to attack British North Atlantic merchant ships, and to secure passage through Narvi The Swedish iron ore in Grams was transported smoothly. Invasion of Norway was entrusted to General Nicholas von Falkenholt (von Falkenhorst) was in charge of the 21st Army, which consisted of the following main units: German 163rd Infantry Division German 69th Infantry Division German 169th Infantry Division German 181st Infantry Division German 214th Infantry Division German The German invasion force of the 3rd Mountain Division of the Corps was divided into several parts and carried by different convoys: the battle cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were long-range cover, and 10 destroyers carried 2,000 mountain troops under General Eduard Dietl. Go to Narvik. The heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper and 4 destroyers and a landing force of 1,700 went to Trondheim. The light cruisers Köln and Königsberg, the artillery training ship Bremse, the transport ship Karl Peters, 2 torpedo boats, 5 motorized torpedo boats and a landing force of 1,900 people went to Bergen. Light cruiser Karlsruhe, 3 torpedo boats, 7 motorized torpedo boats and landing force 1100 men to Kristiansand Heavy cruiser Blücher, heavy cruiser (former pocket battleship) Lützow, light cruiser Emden, 3 torpedo boats, 8 A minesweeper and 2,000 landing troops went to Oslo. 4 minesweepers and a landing force of 150 went to Egersund. The Oslo Fjord and Oscar Fortress A 280mm gun placed at the Oscar Borg Fortress was one of the cannons that sank the German heavy cruiser Blücher. On the evening of April 8, 1940, the Norwegian frigate Pol III was spotted heading north. The German 5th Battle Group, captured after a brief engagement with the Germans, her captain was Norway's first casualty in the war. Except for Oslo and Kristiansand, all the German convoys completed the landing at the scheduled time. In Kristiansand, they succeeded in breaking through the coastal defenses at 10:00 in the morning, 6 hours later than the scheduled time. On April 9, 1940, the German Fifth Battle Group, headed by the heavy cruiser Blücher, headed north along the Oslo Fjord and approached the Oscarsborg Fortress at the narrowest point of the fjord at 0515 hours. Fortress), the Blücher was hit by a 48-year-old German-made cannon on the island, and then the engine room lost control of two 40-year-old torpedoes. The Blücher capsized and sank at 0623 hours, with 2,202 crew on board 830 of the fighters were killed, and the rest of the convoy, mistaking the Blücher for hitting a mine, brought troops ashore early, ensuring that Oslo would not come under attack in the early morning. The delay gave the Norwegian royal family and parliament enough time to move in with the national treasure and gold. Norway never surrendered to Germany, and the government of Vidkun Quisling was not given legal status. So Norway is not a conquered nation and can go to war as an allied force. An important part of Operation Weatherborg was the use of paratroopers to attack airfields near Oslo and Stavanger, the first airborne operation in history, in which plans to attack Oslo's Fornebu airfield nearly turned into Germans Disaster, the first batch of 29 Ju-52s carrying 340 paratroopers was withdrawn due to bad weather, and subsequent fleets were ordered to withdraw as a result but continued to move forward due to poor communication, but the Fornebu airfield was barely defended, so it was still successful Landed and occupied, Oslo fell by noon as German troops continued to arrive from the airfield. King Haakon and the Congress moved north ahead of the Germans, and Vidkun Quisling became the first person in history to announce a coup by radio. Allied reinforcements began to arrive all over Norway on April 14, but because the main ports were controlled by the Germans, heavy weapons and logistics were difficult to transport, but the Allies were still able to recapture the main target of Narvik, and Completely destroy the port. On June 7, King Haakon and the Congress moved into the United Kingdom to form a government-in-exile. On June 9, the Allied forces in Narvik finally evacuated, and Norway fell the next day. The battle took Germany two months and was the second longest supported country among the countries invaded by Germany in World War II, the first being the Soviet Union. Quisling) government was not granted legal status. So Norway is not a conquered nation and can go to war as an allied force. An important part of Operation Weatherborg was the use of paratroopers to attack airfields near Oslo and Stavanger, the first airborne operation in history, in which plans to attack Oslo's Fornebu airfield nearly turned into Germans Disaster, the first batch of 29 Ju-52s carrying 340 paratroopers was withdrawn due to bad weather, and subsequent fleets were ordered to withdraw as a result but continued to move forward due to poor communication, but the Fornebu airfield was barely defended, so it was still successful Landed and occupied, Oslo fell by noon as German troops continued to arrive from the airfield. King Haakon and the Congress moved north ahead of the Germans, and Vidkun Quisling became the first person in history to announce a coup by radio. Allied reinforcements began to arrive all over Norway on April 14, but because the main ports were controlled by the Germans, heavy weapons and logistics were difficult to transport, but the Allies were still able to recapture the main target of Narvik, and Completely destroy the port. On June 7, King Haakon and the Congress moved into the United Kingdom to form a government-in-exile. On June 9, the Allied forces in Narvik finally evacuated, and Norway fell the next day. The battle took Germany two months and was the second longest supported country among the countries invaded by Germany in World War II, the first being the Soviet Union. Quisling) government was not granted legal status. So Norway is not a conquered nation and can go to war as an allied force. An important part of Operation Weatherborg was the use of paratroopers to attack airfields near Oslo and Stavanger, the first airborne operation in history, in which plans to attack Oslo's Fornebu airfield nearly turned into Germans Disaster, the first batch of 29 Ju-52s carrying 340 paratroopers was withdrawn due to bad weather, and subsequent fleets were ordered to withdraw as a result but continued to move forward due to poor communication, but the Fornebu airfield was barely defended, so it was still successful Landed and occupied, Oslo fell by noon as German troops continued to arrive from the airfield. King Haakon and the Congress moved north ahead of the Germans, and Vidkun Quisling became the first person in history to announce a coup by radio. Allied reinforcements began to arrive all over Norway on April 14, but because the main ports were controlled by the Germans, heavy weapons and logistics were difficult to transport, but the Allies were still able to recapture the main target of Narvik, and Completely destroy the port. On June 7, King Haakon and the Congress moved into the United Kingdom to form a government-in-exile. On June 9, the Allied forces in Narvik finally evacuated, and Norway fell the next day. The battle took Germany two months and was the second longest supported country among the countries invaded by Germany in World War II, the first being the Soviet Union.

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Extended Reading
  • Liana 2022-03-26 09:01:15

    The British are adaptable and adaptable, and they are good materials for diplomats. Germans have a heavy sense of responsibility and must fulfill their mission. Norwegians are real. The interesting point of view of a war movie, of course, is not how good the screenwriter is, but how wonderful the facts are.

  • Floy 2022-03-16 09:01:09

    Although I guessed that it would be be, I still regret that the big man was sniped in the end. War destroys humanity.

Into the White quotes

  • Unteroffizier Josef Schwartz: Are we going home now?

    Leutnant Horst Schopis: Yes, we're going home now.

  • Gunner Robert Smith: What's your name, again? Me, Smith. You?

    [Strunk doesn't answer]

    Gunner Robert Smith: [shouting] What's your name?

    Feldwebel Wolfgang Strunk: Strunk!