Some vocabulary

Clifton 2021-11-18 08:01:29

http://myoops.org/cocw/mit/Literature/21L-455Fall2004/StudyMaterials/index.htm

Roman officials and their responsibilities
Roman Officials and their Duties

consul
Consul

management responsibilities against the authoritarian guardian, as the old king - military The command of the campaign, the management of public finances, and the control of legislation-usually at the beginning of each year, the Senate appoints two people from the aristocracy as consuls, using a one-year rotation system as the criterion. In a moment of emergency, one of them will be appointed as a'dictator' with unlimited power (like imperial power), and will not be responsible for the interpretation of the Senate and the people.

As a safeguard against despotism, the former administrative duties of the king-the conduct of military campaigns, the management of public finance, and the control of legislation-were distributed at the beginning of each year between two men, usually elected by the Senate from the patrician class, who served on an annual, rotating basis. In time of emergency, one of the consuls might be named "Dictator" with unlimited powers (known as "imperium") and no accountability either to the Senate or the People.

Governor
During Proconsul

's tenure in power, the governor was the highest authority to govern provinces outside of Rome.

In the year following his term of consulship, the proconsul held imperial authority outside of Rome in whichever province he was assigned to govern.

保民官
Tribunus

In order to counterbalance the ruling power of the aristocracy, the civilians set up the position of guarantor. The guarantors are elected from the clans by the citizens' assembly to fight against these abusive elders and consuls to protect the people. Baomin officials enjoy an extremely lofty status, personally above the law.

To counter-balance the consular powers of the Patricians, the Plebians created the office of tribune, elected by the popular assembly from among the tribes to protect the people from perceived abuses of authority by the Senate and the consuls. Tribunes enjoyed sancrosanct status and were personally above the law.

Marshalls
Praetor

implementation of local officials justice and arbitration disputes; assignment in the territory of Rome called urban lawman, outside of Rome known as field marshals.

The local official responsible for administering justice and arbitrating disputes was called praetor urbanus when he was assigned in Rome and praetor peregrinus when outside of Rome.

Inspector
Censor

post high class, entrusted only served as consul of the people, its monitoring Responsibilities include finance and accounting related to population and tax management.

An office of high rank, entrusted only to men who had previously served as consuls, the censorship encompassed financial and accounting responsibilities related to taxation and population management.

Treasurer
Quaestor

Financial Officer engaged in the financial services sector.

The quaestor served in the ministry of finance. The

construction officer
Aedile

is responsible for the local security guards, supervision of the public market, the production of theater performances, and the care and maintenance of the temple.

The curial aedile was responsible for local police protection, the oversight of public markets, the production of theatrical performances, and for the care and upkeep of the temples.

Magistrate
Magistrate

'executive' title usually more than one year of service, from the ruling A public official from an official to a financial officer. The position of administrator is usually considered a necessary prerequisite for entry into the Senate.

The title of "magistrate" referred generally to any public official, who served on an annual basis, from the consul all the way down to the position of quaestor. The magistracy was usually considered a necessary precondition for entry into the Roman Senate.

Roman Society the class system
Classifications of Roman society

Senate
Senatus

legislative Rome-based organizations, the highest level by the society activists, whose responsibilities are by statute, elected consul, and supervise the operation of public administration. The maximum number of the Senate is usually 300, but at different times, the dictator can use personal supporters to increase the number to 600.

The legislative body, composed of the highest ranking members of Roman society, passed laws, elected consuls, and oversaw the operations of public administration. Usually the Senate was limited to 300 members, but at various times, dictators were able to swell the numbers up to 600 with their personal supporters.

Clan
Tribus

For the purpose of taxation and public management, the Romans were divided into hereditary clans according to the area of ​​residence; the city was divided into 4 clans, and the outer areas of the city were divided into 17 clans.

The Roman populace was divided, for the purpose of taxation and public administration, into hereditary tribus or tribes according to residential district, 4 tribes being drawn from locations within the city, 17 from the outlying areas.

Hundred Assembly
Comitia Centuriata

hundred Assembly primary for military The purpose is to organize the Roman people into a team of a hundred soldiers (called a hundred soldiers) in five different classes, with a total of 193 teams: 18 teams of centennial cavalry, 80 teams of heavy infantry, and 90 teams of light infantry. Corps, 4 teams of craftsmen and musicians, and 1 team of proletarian militia. While half of the centuries composed of men between the ages of 47 and 60 are defending the city in the rear, the other half of centuries composed of men under 46 are fighting in the field.

The Assembly of the Centuries organized the Roman populace for military purposes into groups of 100 fighting-men (called "centuriae") in each of 5 different categories (called "classes") for a total of 193 centuries altogether: 18 equestrian centuries, 80 heavy infantry, 90 light infantry, 4 artisans and musicians, and 1 of unpropertied soldiers. Half of the centuries consisted of men up to the age of 46 who fought in the field while the other half was composed of men between 47 and 60 who remained behind to defend the City.

aristocratic
Patrician

old Roman family, most of whose ancestors had in the past served as consul identity of the person. Most of the members of the Senate eventually became nobles.

The established nobility consisted of a select number of old Roman families, most of whose ancestors had held consular authority in former times. The majority of Senators continued to be Patricians.

Citizen
Plebeian

Any member of the non-aristocratic class, including many who have recently become aristocrats, rich people, and influential people, are considered civilians.

Anyone who was not a member of the Patrician class, including many of the recent nobility, the wealthy and the influential, was considered to be a commoner.

Freeman
Freeman

any lifting of slavery, will be allowed to participate in public life of individuals or families.

Any person who had been freed from slavery or whose family had been freed from slavery was permitted to participate in public life.

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Extended Reading

Rome quotes

  • Cassius: Look now. Look at that.

    Marcus Junius Brutus: It is a chair. What of it?

    Cassius: A chair? It's a throne!

    Marcus Junius Brutus: I believe thrones are generally more decorative. That is decidedly plain, and chair-like.

  • Lucius Vorenus: THIRTEEN! THIRTEEN!