1. "Appeal to Motivation"
I made public TV talk shows and interviewed teenagers with cancer. I expressed my sorrow for the teenagers who smoked and got cancer, and said that tobacco companies hope that their customers can live well. But these guests at the scene are all eager for the boy to die sooner, so that they can make big news, criticize the tobacco company, and get more budget. But for the boy himself, no one cares. You just want him to die sooner.
2. "Carriage and Gold Coins"
I went to a parent meeting to talk about my job as a lobbyist. Children asked whether smoking is harmful to the human body. He said that it is not important whether smoking is harmful to the human body. The important thing is why you must listen to your parents? Each of us must learn to think independently-when we can't argue our own point of view, we throw out an absolutely correct point of view for the other person to agree with, and then everyone ignores the original issue and turns to agree with you.
This technique is the most favorite washing technique used by most big Vs. Anything black can be washed into white.
3. Appeal to the human body
It's still a parent conference. The child asks if smoking is harmful to your health, and asks your mother. Then your mother is a doctor or a scientist. If the child says it is not, then what qualifications does your mother have to say? The child didn't know how to answer.
4. Recourse to young children
Friends dinner, MOD trio merchants of death, death merchant trio, lobbyists for tobacco, guns, and alcohol associations. Friends from the Alcohol Association said that they have encountered problems. Recently, everyone is studying what to do if drinking can cause deformities. My friend called out and said that you should hold a meeting to hug those children, express your love, and wake up everyone's identification with you.
This trick is commonly used by European and American politicians.
5. Appeal to images
Members of Congress intend to print pictures of skulls on cigarette boxes to warn others not to buy cigarettes-more than 90% of people have an impression of images far greater than words.
6, appeal to celebrities
Cigarette sales in the United States were 10 billion in 1910 and reached 123 billion in 1930. The main reasons for this are world wars, dieting, and movies.
Especially in movies, the stars smoke in the movies, and everyone will imitate them.
After that, the protagonist also went to Hollywood to find a producer, and asked Brad Pitt and Catherine Zeta Jones to shoot smoking scenes in science fiction movies to increase cigarette sales.
7, appeal to children + appeal to misery
The guest who was defeated by the protagonist in the program for the first time was a member of the councillor. The councilman called him into the office and yelled at him, asking where he was looking for the cancer teenager? You are looking for a teenager with cancer. You can't find someone who looks energetic. You have to find someone who is in a wheelchair, hemiplegia, who is completely speechless, and seems to be about to hang up, so that it will have an effect!
8. Improper analogy
It was still a trio of dead businessmen having a dinner. The lobbyists of the Gun Association said triumphantly that they received a complaint. He replied like this: The plane crashed, do you blame Boeing? Would you blame GM in a car accident? Since you don’t, just blame yourself for driving accidentally and violating traffic rules, so why did someone get shot? Do you blame the arms dealer? We only provide tools, which are no different from Boeing GM. You are the ones who use the tools, and you are the ones who are responsible!
The protagonist takes his son to the amusement park and asks his son, if you are a lawyer and want to defend the murderer, would you?
The son said that the law stipulates that everyone has the right to be defended.
The protagonist said yes, so the multinational corporations also have the right to be defended.
9, seduction
The female reporter interviewed the protagonist, and the two went to bed, which revealed many industry secrets from the protagonist.
This trick is actually the most useful, much easier to use than all the sophistry skills.
10. Appeal to motivation + pseudo dilemma
In the early stage, the protagonist was not allowed to take his son on a business trip to California. The son asked his mother at home, did you not let me and dad go to California because you vented your frustration about the failure of the marriage on me? Make me a victim?
Hanging out with my dad is a good learning opportunity and it also allows me to learn more about my dad. But if you feel that it is more important to vent your personal emotions and the setbacks of your marriage failure on me, I can understand and accept it.
After Zhu Xin's remarks were made, his son was allowed to go to California Wan.
11. Pseudo-moral excuses
The protagonist went to California to promote the placement of cigarette advertisements in the movie. He asked the producer if you would be uncomfortable with instigating smoking in movies, and would you care about health issues.
What the producer said:
I am not a doctor, I am just a coordinator. I am responsible for integrating outstanding people and creativity. As for the information conveyed in this, it should be presented in its original form without any deletion. The audience will have their own independence. Judgment, everyone should have their own independent thinking and judgment. I have no right and no right to think and judge for them. That's too arrogant and arrogant.
The protagonist was shocked, saying that this man is too good, and I can learn a lot from him.
Examples in reality:
A well-known entrepreneur was exposed to pay homage to a qigong master, and the group photo became a scandal after the qigong master was arrested. The reporter asked why you did this.
Answer: Because we are not too arrogant to think that current science can explain all the phenomena in nature, let alone think that we have all the truth. Respect for things and respect for the mystery is our consistent attitude.
12. Carriage and gold coins + appeal to the body + appeal to motives
The protagonist of the playground and his son debated which ice cream tastes best, vanilla or chocolate. The hero chooses vanilla and the son chooses chocolate. The son said that chocolate is the best, the protagonist said that you mean that you only need chocolate, right? The son said yes.
The protagonist immediately said, then you only think about your own needs and never care about the needs of others-appeal to the human body
You just want to be dictatorial, want to make decisions for others, interfere with others’ freedom-appeal to motives
I like vanilla. This is my freedom. Freedom is the most important and wonderful thing in the world-carriage and gold coins.
13. Attack the other party instead of proving yourself right
After the host talks, my son asks you, but he didn’t prove that vanilla is the best.
The male lead said that I don't need to prove, I just need to prove that you are wrong, and the audience will naturally think that I am right.
14. Don’t persuade the opponent, but persuade the referee and the audience
My son said I was dissatisfied, but you didn't convince me.
The male protagonist said that it is not important. If you are my opponent, no matter how correct or skilled I am, you will never be persuaded by me. Also in real quarrels, you will never be able to persuade each other.
Whether the other party agrees is not important and meaningless.
What matters is the audience's attitude towards us and which side the audience supports.
15. False dilemma + moral kidnapping
The male lead brought a box of money to persuade the cowboy not to expose the company scandal. The cowboy did not take bribes. The male lead poured all the money on the ground, saying that the money was not used to bribe you, but was given to you, but you must give it to you. Donate this money to maintain your image of justice.
If you don't donate your money and you say bad things about us, how would the outside world evaluate you?
But you received the money and donated all of it. You have a great reputation. Everyone praises you as a saint and cannot be bought by the tobacco company. At this time, if you talk ill of us, everyone will believe it.
Otherwise, everyone will look down on your character.
Faced with this dilemma and moral kidnapping, the cowboy gave in and agreed to accept the money and shut up.
16. Personal attacks, not explanations
On the program with the congressman, the congressman came up and said that your tobacco companies are all hypocrites, claiming that smoking is harmless to the human body.
The host said smoking is really harmless?
The male protagonist said, why do members have the face to say that we are hypocrites? He first called for burning all the tobacco farmland, and then took a private jet to participate in the event, calling on everyone to pay attention to the miserable farmers and people’s livelihood. You want to burn the farmer’s tobacco fields, and then call on everyone to pay attention to the peasants’ misery. , Who is hypocritical?
The congressman was speechless.
17. Arguments are not important, arguments and packaging are the most important
The son wrote a speech on his elementary school homework, saying why the US government is the best government in the world. The male bishop’s son should not write seriously, but nonsense, just use some new words to wrap it up.
My son wrote a lot of bad arguments, such as capitalism, free markets, tariff reduction, transfer of industries to the third world, profitability, or exploitation of the world first.
But after he said these nonsense, he used two good words to wrap it up:
The US government has done so many things, which shows that passion is everywhere in our country.
In a society where everyone is full of enthusiasm, there is another word: love
So the cruel facts are not important, what is important is only the good word packaging, and people like this.
18. Appeal to the weak
The male lead was kidnapped, plastered with nicotine tablets, and almost died. After waking up, I accepted a lot of interviews and turned myself into a victim in seconds. Even the boss boasted that now our tobacco company is actually a victim. For the first time in decades, the public actually responded with sympathy to our tobacco company. We have to seize the opportunity to play all the shows.
19, seduction
The next day there was a major event. The reporter wrote out all the news that she had gotten through, exposing the dirty secrets of the male protagonist's work.
20. Appeal to morality + obfuscation + personal attack
The male protagonist soon held a press conference to apologize, but the point of his apology was not how many dirty skills he used in his work, bribing each other, and getting Hollywood to plant cigarette advertisements and so on.
There is only one point of his apology: I shouldn't have sex with a female reporter.
Because I went to bed with a female reporter, many of my secrets were leaked, and my colleagues, company, and friends were affected. It seemed that I was very unreliable and unprofessional.
The female reporter was stupid and stunned when she heard this. Now everyone in DC knows that she is a person who is unscrupulous in order to obtain information, and she also knows that her report is through seduction. Obtained by proper means, she is full of disgust for her whole person, and the credibility is greatly reduced.
The male lead turned over by this.
21. Improper analogy + interest attack
The male protagonist finally participated in the hearing and decided whether he really wanted to print skulls and crossbones on cigarette boxes. The male protagonist said that if cigarettes are harmful to health, skulls should be printed. Then airplanes and cars should be printed. People who die in car accidents every year No less than cigarettes, and more people die of cardiovascular disease than cigarettes every year. It is all caused by saturated fat and cholesterol. Then we should ban cheese as soon as possible, which is a specialty of the Congressman’s birthplace in Femont State. Why not Skull and crossbones printed on Femont cheese?
22. Carriage and gold coins
The councillor asked the children, how about warning them? The protagonist said to warn the children that it has nothing to do with the picture, but with education. Parents and teachers are required to educate them. If teachers and parents do not educate, it is useless to print skulls and crossbones. The most important thing is the freedom of personal choice.
The councillor asked, what about your biological son, would you be willing to smoke if he wants to?
He said that when he turns 18 and wants to smoke, I will personally buy him a pack.
But after saying this, the male protagonist realized that it was wrong, apparently telling lies, so he quickly quit his job, quit, and stopped working for the tobacco industry.
23. Appeal to Science + One-sided Truth
It is most useful to convince people with scientific evidence and tell you the truth, but not the whole truth.
In the end, the male protagonist became a lobbyist for a high-tech company. Using a mobile phone may cause brain cancer, so he taught the executives of the mobile phone company to practice this sentence:
Although we are continuing to pay attention to this issue, there is currently no direct scientific evidence that using mobile phones can cause brain tumors.
complete.
This film can be watched with "Ms. Sloan". It is about a career as a lobbyist and has similar plots. Ms. Sloan's focus is on the ban on guns. The advancement was relatively smooth. Suddenly there was news, a robber. The roadside robbery is still something. He was shot dead by another warrior and became a hero. This news made the ban on guns completely impossible to advance, because the public firmly believes that holding a gun can protect themselves-this and the male protagonist in this film was Kidnapping, hype, and resorting to tragic thinking are actually the same, but here is resorting to uneasiness, inciting anxiety, and hyping up heroes.
In addition, the sophistication occasions in this film are basically divided into four types:
1. The other party must be persuaded,
2. Can't convince the other party, but must convince the audience
3. There is no need to persuade the opponent, no opponent in the debate, but the audience must be persuaded
4. Unable to persuade the other party, and there is no audience, naturally it is impossible to persuade the audience.
"The other party must be persuaded" is that the son persuaded his mother to agree to go to California, and the male protagonist persuaded the cowboys to accept bribes on these two occasions. The techniques used on these two occasions have always been moral kidnapping + pseudo dilemma.
It can be seen from this that if you want to manipulate or persuade a person, morality is indeed the best method, and there is no one.
"Unable to persuade the other party, but the audience must be persuaded." There are TV shows, hearing debates, and receptions held after the male protagonist is exposed by reporters.
The general techniques used here include:
1. Discredit the other party, appeal to motives, appeal to the person, appeal to personal virtues, and make the other party appear untrustworthy
2. Carriage and gold coins, that is, change the subject, throw out an irrefutable fact, let the opponent and the audience admit it, so that everyone recognizes you.
For example, to learn to think independently, the most important thing is education, to give others freedom, using freedom as an excuse.
"There is no need to persuade the other party, there is no opponent in the debate, but the audience must be convinced." This is advertising, and advertising is nothing more than appealing to celebrities and letting celebrities take the lead in demonstrating.
"If you can't convince the other party, and if you don't have an audience, you won't be able to convince the audience." Sophistry is completely useless in this situation.
for example:
1. The male protagonist was kidnapped, and the other party did not listen to him, and his eloquence was useless.
2. The male protagonist was fired by the boss, the boss did not listen to him, and his eloquence was useless.
3. The male protagonist was seduced by sex, and his eloquence was not only useless, but also harmed him.
It can be seen that eloquence is useless in front of three things:
1. Violence,
2. Power,
3. Sex.
In the real world, the techniques shown in movies are constantly being staged:
The best way to persuade others is always moral kidnapping. Parents kidnap children with filial piety, boss kidnap subordinates with dedication, colleagues kidnap you with good people and kindness, you won’t be rejected, teacher will end your life if you fail to pass the college entrance exam. To kidnap you, your husband will kidnap your wife with virtue, and your wife will kidnap your husband with a man and a woman.
Of course, eloquence is useless in the face of power, so children cannot use other people’s parents to kidnap their parents, and eloquence is useless in the face of violence, so the wife cannot persuade a husband who is abusive.
The celebrity effect, the more serious the rice circle culture, the more modern it is, the more the respect for celebrities goes deep into the bones of everyone.
And when it is impossible to convince the other party, but the audience must be convinced, common cases:
Appealing to the motive: Wu Yifan’s case said that Du Meizhu just wanted to be popular and had no good intentions.
Appeal to the person: In Qian Feng’s case, the female protagonist was sold as a peripheral.
Carriage and gold coins: In the Didi case, there was a lot of talk about how many employment and travel problems Didi solved, and how much travel inconvenience would be caused if the country blocked Didi.
This film almost exhausts the sophistry skills that often appear in reality.
The only regret is that there are very few slippery fallacies commonly used by the Chinese. It may be because it is too low-level, and foreigners know that it is not easy to use it in reality.
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