I am an offshore oil drilling practitioner and have some on-site experience, so I want to make some simple background presentations for this movie, so that more people can understand the various plots in it! At the beginning of the movie, the male protagonist and his daughter Dialogues, can broadly explain the doubts of many people... Daughter: My father works on a drilling platform, and he uses pumps to pump oil. Male Pro: No, no, our platform does not pump oil, we are exploration! Daughter: They explore , Drilling, and then laying the submarine pipeline, lamer crew came over to extract oil. (Deeply hurt the hearts of CNOOC workers, lamer...) Daughter: After hundreds of millions of years of silence, the dinosaurs were buried underground. Under the squeeze of the strata and the sea, they became demons in the ground. They kept on Being ravaged, at this time, my dad and they created a tunnel for him, so the demon tried to rush out, but they prepared a BOP (Blowout Preventer), and then they poured mud into it to subdue the demon!
Speaking of this, in fact, everyone can understand the situation of the oil underground and the exploitation of it. Then, she shook the coke can, inserted a tube, pressed the opening, and filled it with water or It’s oil. She originally wanted to describe the process of drilling. As a result, the water, or oil, was injected with a light density, and then it spurted out. It was probably also a vivid reflection of the blowout from the side, which was astonishing with the occurrence of the accident. The accident was caused by the replacement of mud with sea water, so it spurted out, and there was a response from the beginning to the end! In response to some common problems, let’s talk about it! 1. Why is there so much pressure in the drill pipe? Both the drill pipe and the Kill line (kill line) pressure gauge are on the surface of the drill floor, so there must be fluid to reach the drill floor to display the pressure!
From the most basic knowledge of drilling, the deeper the formation, the greater the formation pressure, the more a certain density of mud is needed to form a hydrostatic column pressure to balance the formation pressure. A blowout means that the formation pressure is greater than the hydrostatic column pressure of the mud. It spews out, and finally it loses control if it can't be controlled. Therefore, the drilling person must be clear about the formation pressure, and then as the depth increases, continuously adjust the proportion of the mud to balance the formation pressure! For example, the picture below is an open-hole borehole. As you see it, the wall is the formation. Of course, this is a water well. It is easy to understand if you look at it intuitively!
But once the wellbore has casing and the open-hole wellbore has been sealed by the cement plug, the wellbore is separated from the formation. We don’t need to use mud to control the pressure and balance the formation pressure. This is the formation magic. The iron lock is equivalent, and the principle is almost equivalent. The newly-drilled well bore is connected to the formation. The casing and cementing are equivalent to pasting a layer of cement on the wall of the well and then pasting steel wall tiles. It's just that the borehole is round, so the wall tiles can be directly made of steel pipes! This seals the stratum! The casing is shown in the figure below.
Okay, back to Question 1. The situation described in the movie is that the cementing fails, so the wellbore is connected to the formation again, but at this time the inside of the drill pipe is already seawater, the density is low, and the hydrostatic column pressure is low, so The formation pressure can't be controlled, and then the formation oil and gas fluid will go up, along the drill pipe (drill pipe), so the pressure gauge on the drill floor will feel the pressure rise! The mud in the drill pipe (drill pipe) is invisible to the backflow, but what we see from the turntable is the mud mud in the annulus. The annulus is the space outside the drill pipe, the space in the casing, and the drill pipe. It’s much smaller than the casing size! 2. As you can see from the flash in the movie, the kill line and the drill pipe are similar to the structure of a connector. The movie also says that the pressure of the kill line and the drill pipe should be equal. But why are they not equal? The kill line pipeline is blocked, as shown in the movie, so the kill line pressure gauge on the drill floor cannot feel the invasion of formation pressure. The drill pipe is okay, it feels it, so at this time, the BP engineers weighed it. Since one of them is okay, then it’s okay. In fact, his original intention is to benefit. The rent for a day of drilling rigs is very expensive. With other consumption, Party A’s BP’s daily consumption is close to one million dollars a day. Therefore, as the representative of Party A, the engineer wants to finish the project as soon as possible. According to the film, the well has been lagging for 43 days, exceeding the budget by 50 million US dollars. The representative of Party A is estimated to be determined. He didn’t even want to do the negative pressure test. It was the platform OIM that forced him to do it. He felt that the positive pressure test was okay. It must be okay. Regarding the negative pressure test, he didn’t want to worry about it, no matter the result was good or bad. So at first glance, Kill line is okay, let alone the situation of the drill pipe! You can start the business as soon as the end of the day! 3. What is negative pressure test? If the negative pressure test is executed correctly, can it replace the cement test? As a brick mover of offshore oil drilling, you must admit that on the platform, Party A’s representative is the one who has the final say. He is Party A and the platform party is Party B. The status itself is not equal, so even if it is unreasonable , Wrong, sometimes as long as it is not too excessive, they are all based on their decision! Therefore, the core issue is still money. If an oil company is particularly rich and does not consider costs at all, everything will be done in accordance with safety rules and regulations, there will be no trouble! In fact, it is impossible. The more backward the area, the worse the implementation of safety rules and regulations. Europe and the United States are considered good. When our country first started oil exploration, we shouted slogans, but coexist and die with the platform! Think how terrible it is! Question 3 refers to the so-called negative pressure test, which is to test the quality of cement sealing, that is, to test the casing and whether the cement has completely and effectively sealed the formation to achieve complete isolation from the wellbore. Because of the operation described in the movie, he finally wants the platform to leave here. The purpose of the well exploration has ended, so the well must be sealed up without any problems. The monsters in the ground can't get out. Okay, the platform will leave. Work on the next project! The negative pressure test is as I said in the first question. The BOP closes the drill pipe, and the inside of the drill pipe replaces the mud with seawater. In this way, the seawater in the drill pipe is balanced with the mud under the BOP in the annulus. If there is no external force, the drill pipe The seawater inside will not burst out, but once the cement seal fails and the formation fluid enters the wellbore, the seawater in the drill pipe cannot be suppressed at this time, it will spray out from the drill pipe, and finally the pressure gauge of the drill floor Feel, display the pressure value. We do the negative pressure test for this purpose. If the pressure value increases, it means that it is not normal. We have to renew the cement. If there is no pressure, it is normal and safe. The well is safe. We It can be withdrawn!
I don’t know if the Lord said that the cement test is being interviewed. The movie has to be watched a few more times before I can answer it! I don't know if it is clear, there must be something wrong, so please criticize it! ----Supplement 1 on November 15th. For offshore oil exploration, first, after various analyses (seismic data, historical data, etc.), it is believed that there may be oil and gas in this block, and then a drilling rig is hired to detect it. Exploring wells, and then through direct acquisition of stratigraphic data, as well as test operations after oil and gas display, etc., it is finally determined whether this block has mining value, and if so, how to drill production wells is the most reasonable. To maximize the extraction of oil to the bottom layer, this production well will usually be exploited for decades, so once it is determined that this area is valuable for exploitation, after detailed planning, we will re-build special production wells for production! So the problem is The key is here. In this movie, the platform is drilling a well, that is, a probe well. After the probe well is finally completed, regardless of whether there is oil or not, the well is usually filled with cement, buried, and will not be used again in the future. However, according to the data, the exploration well in the background accident is to continue to be used in the follow-up. The casing was run at the last opening, but unfortunately the well was not cemented well! 2. Then, the bridge section in this movie It happened in the final stage of the exploratory well, when the last casing was installed, the well was cemented, then the mud was replaced with seawater, and finally everything was packed, leaving this well and going to the location of the next exploratory well. The problem lies in it. After the cementing was completed, the pressure test failed, but was forced to pass, which caused the monsters in the ground to run out, and an accident happened! As I said before, the formation is under pressure, and we need to use the exposed borehole. The pressure of the hydrostatic column generated by a certain density of mud is balanced. If the formation pressure is the impact force that the monster wants to rush out, then the pressure of the mud hydrostatic column we use is the first door to subdue the monster! A well deep thousands of thousands Meters, the shallow ones are more than one or two kilometers, so we are not talking about drilling directly to the end with a drill bit. The most direct reason is that the borehole is too long. It will collapse. Once it collapses, the well will be useless. NS. So in layman’s terms, for example, to run a length of 500 meters, we need to run a casing, which is a large thick iron pipe. Of course, cement should be injected between the casing and the stratum, and then it’s sealed. This is The second gate to subdue the demons of the stratum! The last time we opened, we finished our electrical survey and testing. We also got all kinds of information about the formation at this location. We finished the last opening of the casing and the cementing is over. We have to go, leave here, well. The mud inside is oily. The specially configured oily mud, even if it is not oily, cannot enter the sea. We want to be environmentally friendly, so we need to replace it with seawater and recycle it! The demon was defeated, and then it sprayed out. As a result, the BOP of the blowout preventer still had a problem. Yes, the third gate was broken. The demon ran out, and then there was a big explosion, fire, and ship destruction! We originally had a lot of doors. The mud was replaced with sea water, and the first door failed; the cementing was not well fixed, the second door failed, the BOP still had problems, the third door BOP also failed, and an accident occurred. ! 3. Watching this movie, my heart is very complicated. I did it on the drill floor. In the last movie, the platform leader, OIM (off shore installation manager) stood on the deck of the rescue ship and asked, "Is there anybody From drill site?" No one said, and asked again, still no! Eleven people died in the accident, and all the people on the drill site were inside! EDS (Emergency Relief), interested viewers will find that at the beginning of the film’s accident, someone tried to press the red button with EDS written on it. Remember, this is not ESD (many devices will have this button, emergency off) Disconnect), its function is to close the blowout preventer, and then disconnect the riser from the blowout preventer, and the platform can leave, leaving this place of right and wrong! Watching this movie, my heart is very complicated. I did it on the drill floor. In the last movie, the platform leader, OIM (offshore installation manager) stood on the deck of the rescue ship and asked, "Is there anybody From drill site?" No one said anything, and asked again, still no! 11 people died in the accident, and all the people on the drill site were inside! EDS (Emergency Relief), interested viewers will find that at the beginning of the film’s accident, someone tried to press the red button with EDS written on it. Remember, this is not ESD (many devices will have this button, emergency off) Disconnect), its function is to close the blowout preventer, and then disconnect the riser from the blowout preventer, and the platform can leave, leaving this place of right and wrong! Watching this movie, my heart is very complicated. I did it on the drill floor. In the last movie, the platform leader, OIM (offshore installation manager) stood on the deck of the rescue ship and asked, "Is there anybody From drill site?" No one said anything, and asked again, still no! 11 people died in the accident, and all the people on the drill site were inside! EDS (Emergency Relief), interested viewers will find that at the beginning of the film’s accident, someone tried to press the red button with EDS written on it. Remember, this is not ESD (many devices will have this button, emergency off) Disconnect), its function is to close the blowout preventer, and then disconnect the riser from the blowout preventer, and the platform can leave, leaving this place of right and wrong!
This button appeared frequently in the second half of the film. Finally, OIM was held by someone and pressed blindly, shouting, disconnect it! ---- Many people said on November 19 that the people in the movie had no helmet straps. The so-called chin strap did not meet the regulations on the scene. It was a slot in the movie. In fact, this guess is wrong. They have contacted foreign companies. Everyone knows that many foreign oil companies do not require hood straps. Many people say that it prevents the helmet from falling off. That should be safe! In fact, thinking from the negative side, in case of danger, where the hat is hung, people have to be strangled, it is dangerous, so this thing is a double-edged blade! So some companies require it, some companies do not require it, it can not be said to be a slot Click on it! ---- On the 21st, I think there are many inaccurate translations in China Film, I mean, for the translation of professional terms, such as pull out drill pipe, he translated it as "pull out drill pipe". We called drill Bridge is called Funabashi, we all call the control room or the bridge
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