1. The key to distinguishing an avalanche is to observe the snow. You can try the snow in front of you with a snow pole to see if it is compacted or layered. Ideally, the pole should be inserted evenly and tightly. If you suddenly feel the snow sinking when you insert it, it means that it is a layer of snow, which is very dangerous.
2. Glaciers are actually frozen rivers, like rivers, that flow down the mountain, and if you can find a glacier, you can follow it and leave the mountains. (Similar to finding a river in the forest)
3. In the case of low temperature, be sure to pay attention to the risk of frostbite, pay attention to the hands, feet and face. At signs of frostbite, your skin turns waxy red and then darkens.
4. Skiers have a technique called downhill, where you can slow down the downhill by sticking an icebreaker into the snow. If you don't have an icebreaker, you can fold the snow pole in half instead. If you don't press hard enough into the snow, you'll fall too fast, but if you press too hard, the pole will snap off and slip out of your hands. This method is dangerous, but may save your life in an emergency.
5. The only safe way to walk on the glacier is to tie a rope and walk together.
6. When you have to go down from the glacier but are blocked by the waterfall, you can take another way. There is an ice tunnel inside the glacier. It is formed by the melting of the stream and is hidden under the ice layer, but the ice tunnel is very difficult. If it is unstable, you must first check whether the ice layer is solid before entering.
7. Most of the Alaska Mountains are in riverine areas, so if you can find a river, you're basically out of danger.
8. Brigades are rarely attacked by bears. Because there are many people, the noise will naturally be noisy, which will scare the bears away. When you are alone, you are easily attacked, so keep making noises to let those bears Hear someone there, scare it away.
9. The residues in animal feces can be used to determine what food is around. For example, if there is a berry pit in a bear's feces, it means that there are berries growing somewhere around.
10. Be sure to take it slow when descending the waterfall. Once people are excited, they will become reckless. The rocks are very slippery. The legs must bear the weight, because the strength of the legs is much stronger than that of the arms, and the arms can only be used to stabilize the body. Keep yourself balanced, the rocks on the waterfall are easy to loosen, so try every time you grab a rock
11. There are nearly 2.4 million hectares of forest in Alaska. Most of the forest is covered by spruce and alder. Alder is very suitable for building shelter. It takes about 10 alder saplings to build a shelter. It is best to cut them down. The way to do this is to bend them until you see that they are taut, and when the fibers are taut, you can just cut them lightly with a knife (don't cut them cross-section, but slant them), and you can break them. Alder can be identified by its leaves, which are serrated and alternate on the branches. Then insert the two ends of the saplings into the soil to make semi-circular shelters similar to arches, and then interweave them. You can build a roof with spruce. In order to prevent rain, you should start from the bottom and move up. After one layer is laid, lay another layer on top.
12. Flint is very useful, so keep it. Switchgrass fluff is a good firestarter.
13. Black bears kill fewer people than grizzly bears, but 90% of their attacks stalk people and use them as prey. Many locals carry guns, and if you don't have one, your only option is to grab a stick and shove it into the bear's eye.
14. There is a biological clock in your body that allows you to sleep when it is dark and wake up when it is dawn (so in the northern hemisphere we generally sleep less in summer than in winter)
15. In the absence of a fishing line, a branched branch can be used as a harpoon to reach the fish. Salmon's main predators are eagles, which swoosh down from the sky, so salmon are extremely sensitive to shadows, so try not to let your shadow cover the fish.
16. Fish scales are rich in fat.
17. Caves are ready-made shelters, but are usually occupied by wild animals, including bears. Very shallow caves are basically safe and a perfect resting place. It is best if there are high walls around, which means that nothing can Attack from behind.
18. Food is abundant along the coast, especially on the beach after low tide. The mussels growing on the stones are a good food, cooked and eaten, which is also one of the main local foods. Shellfish need to be cooked properly. When there is no pot to cook, you can wrap the mussels in two layers of seaweed, which is actually equivalent to steaming, and it will be cooked in about 10 minutes. When picking the mussels you can tap them, if they don't close they are dead and inedible.
19. The old man must grow on the branches of many trees. It is easy to ignite and can be used as a firelight. When looking for firewood, it is best to look for dry trees. The dead trees on the ground are usually covered with moss and are relatively humid. Choose the ones that are off the ground. , relatively dry, and easy to break. A good way to tell whether the wood is easy to burn is to listen to whether there is a cracking sound when it is broken, like a crackling sound thrown into a fire.
20. On the coast where ships pass by, you can light a beacon for help. You can add many branches of evergreen plants after the fire is high so they will smoke, and the white smoke will contrast with the dark wood background behind you. If the smoke isn't coming up, as if it's being held down by something, that means a depression may be approaching, so while it's clear right now, maybe it's going to get worse soon.
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