The original work was written by American writer Noah Gordon and was published in 1986. It is not popular in the United States, but is particularly popular in Spain and Germany. The fan base of this German film in 2013 is mainly the readers of the book, so the two and a half hours of plot can end in many places. I like this film very much, and I also recommend it to my friends around me. The following is a little bit of my personal understanding, and I want to use it to expand the view of film and television.
(1) The influence of Islamic scholastic philosophy
Ibn Sina is one of the main representatives of the Arab/Persian Aristotelian school. The lectures in the film give us a glimpse of the philosophy of Islamic scholasticism in the Middle Ages. Yes, the combination of Islamic theology and Greek classical reason (mainly Aristotle)-the love of existence through the love of divine existence , And take it as the source of the order of existence. In the theological confrontation between Christianity and Islam, Christian scholastic philosophy must respond to Islamic scholastic philosophy, but they were still at a disadvantage during the time of Ibn Sina. This is because the classics of Greek classical rationality were devastated in the West, but relatively intact in the East, and translated into Arabic for dissemination.
Ibn Sina died in 1037, and Christianity regained Spain in 1085. This made Toledo, Spain, one of the centers of the translation movement. Christians translated ancient Greek classics from Arabic to Latin, including Euclidean Reid's "Geometric Elements", of course, is more of the work of philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Half a century after the death of Ibn Sina, Anselm, respected as the first scholastic philosopher (or the father of scholastic philosophy), appeared in the West. The academic revival in the 12th century saw the establishment of the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. In 1207, all of Aristotle's writings were translated into Latin. In the 13th century, the pinnacle of combining Aristotle's doctrine with Christian doctrine was Aquinas, who was also influenced by Ibn Sina. By the way, Nicolas Oresme, the greatest scholastic philosopher of the 14th century, was not only a pioneer of mathematics and physics at that time, but also a pioneer of the Austrian school of economics. Austrian pioneers also included Spanish scholastic philosophers in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Ibn Sina’s "Medical Code" was the main medical textbook and reference book in Europe and Asia before the 17th century.
(2) Pioneer of sovereignty theory
The King of Isfahan deserves to go down in history. In 1035, Sultan Saad Masud of the Kingdom of Ghaznavid seemed to be able to sit back and relax. In 1036, the Seljuk cavalry invaded southward from the north, and went straight to Isfahan, the capital of Persian culture. It is not difficult to see in the film that without the king Shah Ala ad-Daula, Ibn Sina’s hospital and college would not be able to run for a day.
Recall that after Lincoln, the U.S. Constitution has risen from a secular constitution to a constitution under the respect of God. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, the complete version of "Government by the People, by the People, and by the People" can be found in the preface of Wycliffe’s translation of the Bible in 1384. The complete statement reads: "This Bible" It is a government for the people, by the people, and for the people.” Look at the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: prohibiting the U.S. Congress from enacting any law to establish the state religion; obstructing freedom of religious belief; depriving freedom of speech; infringing on freedom of the press and freedom of assembly; interference or prohibition The right to petition the government.
The wisdom of the First Amendment can be traced back to Bodin in the 16th century. He also used sovereignty to resolve religious conflicts. Cut off the relationship between belief conflict and political power from the outside. This is how the king governs the city of Isfahan. There is a scene where the king vehemently said to the leaders of Mulla, you are preaching first, and now you will come to judge...
the conscience based on faith may be judged Yes, but it must not endanger personal life, personal freedom and property rights.
Rebecca committed adultery and was going to be stoned to death by the people. The footage of the Jewish patriarch digging a hole by himself is unforgettable. In Jewish custom laws, a married woman is equivalent to land with ownership. If the protagonist is not for the king, the king should not interfere with such custom laws.
(3) Voegelin's distinction
In 1959, Voegelin was invited to give a speech at the inauguration ceremony of the Bavarian Institute of Political Education. The topic was "Democracy in New Europe". The speech was published in the German "Society•State•Education" magazine in the same year. . Voegelin distinguished three dimensions and areas of life in his speech.
Political dimension: personal life, personal freedom and private property rights; governance in the political field is subject to freedom of speech and freedom of supervision.
Rationality dimension: falsifiable logic can be constructed to be self-consistent; governance in the field of rationality is subject to freedom of thought and freedom of discussion.
Spiritual dimension: beyond this world, the unconstructable, unprovable truth. Governance in the spiritual realm is subject to freedom of conscience and freedom of belief.
The state where these three dimensions do not cross each other is the purest state. This is an ideal state, and basic principles can be constructed to examine reality. Yes, the reconstruction of Germany after World War II not only rebuilt houses and factories from the ruins of the war, but also needed to rebuild rationality and spirit. The Freiburg School of Germany, which is very close to the Austrian School of Economics, provided theoretical guidance for the rapid economic recovery of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Germans understand this book and this movie.
(4) We are also in an epic era
. In the inaugural lecture of Voegelin University of Munich, he said: "The spiritual disorder of our time, the crisis of civilization that everyone can easily talk about, should not be borne by any means. Inevitable fate, on the contrary, everyone has the means to overcome it in his own life...No one has the obligation to participate in the spiritual crisis of a society; on the contrary, everyone has the obligation to avoid this stupidity and live out his own An orderly life."
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